– Indian-born novelist Salman Rushdie, who was attacked on a New York state lecture stage on Friday, spent years in hiding after he was ordered killed by Iran in 1989 due to his writing.
Following are some key occasions that adopted that loss of life edict – or fatwa – issued by Iran’s Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after the publication of Rushdie’s 1988 novel “The Satanic Verses”, which Khomeini deemed blasphemous to Islam.
- Feb 12, 1989: No less than six persons are killed within the Pakistani metropolis of Islamabad in taking pictures between police and gunmen in a crowd protesting in opposition to the sale of the novel in the US.
- Feb 14, 1989: The fatwa. Khomeini calls on all Muslims to kill Rushdie.
- Feb 24, 1989: Twelve persons are killed in Mumbai when police open hearth to forestall a crowd of 10,000 protesters marching on the British Excessive Fee.
- Might 27, 1989: Professional-Iranian and pro-Iraqi factions conflict when some 30,000 Muslim demonstrators mass exterior the British parliament.
- Sept 14, 1989: 4 bombs are planted exterior bookshops in Britain owned by Penguin, writer of “The Satanic Verses”.
- July 3, 1991: Ettore Capriolo, Italian translator of The Satanic Verses, is overwhelmed and attacked with a knife in his Milan flat by a person who says he's Iranian.
- July 12, 1991: Japanese translator Hitoshi Igarashi is stabbed to loss of life in Tokyo by an attacker who flees.
- Sept 7, 1995: After six years beneath police safety and dwelling in secure homes, Rushdie seems in London in his first pre-announced public look because the fatwa was issued.
- Feb 12, 1997: Eight years after it first supplied a reward, the Iranian revolutionary fifteenth Khordad Basis will increase the bounty on Rushdie’s head to $2.5 million.
- Sept 22, 1998: Iranian President Mohammad Khatami says the Rushdie affair is “utterly completed”.
- Sept 24, 1998: Iranian International Minister Kamal Kharrazi tells British International Secretary Robin Cook dinner on the United Nations in New York that Iran will take no motion to threaten Rushdie’s life, nor encourage anyone else to take action.
- Sept 28, 1998: Iranian media say three Iranian clerics have referred to as on Islamic followers to kill Rushdie beneath the fatwa.- Oct 4, 1998: Some 160 members of the Iranian parliament say the loss of life decree in opposition to Rushdie stays legitimate.- Oct 10, 1998: A hardline Iranian pupil group units a one billion rial (then $333,000) bounty on the pinnacle of Rushdie.- Oct 12, 1998: State-linked Iranian non secular basis raises its $2.5 million bounty by $300,000.- Feb 3, 1999: Mumbai-born Rushdie is granted a visa by the Indian authorities to go to his nation of delivery, triggering protests by Muslims.
- June 15, 2007: Rushdie is awarded a knighthood by Britain’s Queen Elizabeth for providers to literature, prompted diplomatic protests from Pakistan and Iran and demonstrations in Pakistan and Malaysia.
- Jan 20, 2012: Rushdie cancels plans to attend a serious literature pageant in Jaipur, India, after protests from some Indian Muslim teams.
- Sept 16, 2012: Iranian non secular basis raises its bounty for killing Rushdie to $3.3 million.
- June 20, 2014: Rushdie wins annual PEN/Pinter Prize for his help for freedom of speech and what judges name his beneficiant assist to different writers.
- Oct 13, 2015: Rushdie warns of latest risks to freedom of speech within the West amid tight safety on the Frankfurt Ebook Honest. The Iranian Ministry of Tradition cancelled its nationwide stand on the honest due to Rushdie’s look.
- Feb 22, 2016: Iranian state-run media shops add $600,000 to a bounty for the killing of Rushdie.
- June 1, 2022: Rushdie is made a Companion of Honour within the British Queen’s annual birthday honours.
- Aug 12, 2022: Rushdie is attacked on stage at a literary occasion in Chautauqua, western New York state, and is flown by helicopter to an area hospital for remedy.
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